Firewalld : Basic Operation
This is the Basic Operation of Firewalld.
The definition of services is set to zones on Firewalld.
To enable Firewall, assosiate a zone to a NIC with related commands.
[1]. To use Firewalld, start the Service.
[root@dlp ~]# systemctl enable --now firewalld
[2]. By default, [public] zone is applied with a NIC and cockpit, dhcpv6-client, ssh are allowed. When operating with [firewall-cmd] command, if you input the command without [--zone=***] specification, then, configuration is set to the default zone.
# display the default zone
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
public
# display current settings
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: ens2
sources:
services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
# display all zones defined by default
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all-zones
block
target: %%REJECT%%
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services:
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
.....
.....
# display allowed services on a specific zone
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-service --zone=external
ssh
# change default zone
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=external
success
# change zone for an interface (*note)
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --change-interface=ens8 --zone=external
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all --zone=external
external (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: ens8
sources:
services: ssh
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: yes
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
# *note : it's not changed permanently with [change-interface] even if added [--permanent] option
# if change permanently, use [nmcli] command like follows
[root@dlp ~]# nmcli connection modify ens8 connection.zone external
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --get-active-zone
external
interfaces: ens8
public
interfaces: ens2
[3]. Display services defined by default.
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --get-services
RH-Satellite-6 amanda-client amanda-k5-client amqp amqps apcupsd audit bacula bacula-client bgp bitcoin bitcoin-rpc bitcoin-testnet bitcoin-testnet-rpc ceph ceph-mon cfengine cockpit condor-collector ctdb dhcp dhcpv6 dhcpv6-client distcc dns docker-registry docker-swarm dropbox-lansync elasticsearch etcd-client etcd-server finger freeipa-ldap freeipa-ldaps freeipa-replication freeipa-trust ftp ganglia-client ganglia-master git gre high-availability http https imap imaps ipp ipp-client ipsec irc ircs iscsi-target isns jenkins kadmin kerberos kibana klogin kpasswd kprop kshell ldap ldaps libvirt libvirt-tls lightning-network llmnr managesieve matrix mdns minidlna mongodb mosh mountd mqtt mqtt-tls ms-wbt mssql murmur mysql nfs nfs3 nmea-0183 nrpe ntp nut openvpn ovirt-imageio ovirt-storageconsole ovirt-vmconsole plex pmcd pmproxy pmwebapi pmwebapis pop3 pop3s postgresql privoxy proxy-dhcp ptp pulseaudio puppetmaster quassel radius redis rpc-bind rsh rsyncd rtsp salt-master samba samba-client samba-dc sane sip sips slp smtp smtp-submission smtps snmp snmptrap spideroak-lansync squid ssh steam-streaming svdrp svn syncthing syncthing-gui synergy syslog syslog-tls telnet tftp tftp-client tinc tor-socks transmission-client upnp-client vdsm vnc-server wbem-http wbem-https wsman wsmans xdmcp xmpp-bosh xmpp-client xmpp-local xmpp-server zabbix-agent zabbix-server
# definition files are placed like follows
# if you'd like to add your original definition, add XML file on there
[root@dlp ~]# ls /usr/lib/firewalld/services
amanda-client.xml jenkins.xml redis.xml
amanda-k5-client.xml kadmin.xml RH-Satellite-6.xml
amqps.xml kerberos.xml rpc-bind.xml
amqp.xml kibana.xml rsh.xml
apcupsd.xml klogin.xml rsyncd.xml
.....
.....
ipsec.xml ptp.xml xmpp-server.xml
ircs.xml pulseaudio.xml zabbix-agent.xml
irc.xml puppetmaster.xml zabbix-server.xml
iscsi-target.xml quassel.xml
isns.xml radius.xml
[4]. Add or Remove allowed services.
The change will be back after rebooting the system. If you change settings permanently, add the [--permanent] option.
# for example, add [http] (the change will be valid at once)
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-service
cockpit dhcpv6-client http ssh
# for example, remove [http]
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --remove-service=http
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-service
cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
# for example, add [http] permanently. (this permanent case, it's necessary to reload the Firewalld to apply change)
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-service
cockpit dhcpv6-client http ssh
[5]. Add or remove allowed ports.
# for example, add [TCP 465]
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=465/tcp
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-port
465/tcp
# for example, remove [TCP 465]
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --remove-port=465/tcp
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-port
# for example, add [TCP 465] permanently
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=465/tcp --permanent
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-port
465/tcp
[6]. Add or remove prohibited ICMP types.
# for example, add [echo-request] to prohibit it
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --add-icmp-block=echo-request
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-icmp-blocks
echo-request
# for example, remove [echo-request]
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --remove-icmp-block=echo-request
success
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --list-icmp-blocks
# display available ICMP types
[root@dlp ~]# firewall-cmd --get-icmptypes
address-unreachable bad-header beyond-scope communication-prohibited destination-unreachable echo-reply echo-request failed-policy fragmentation-needed host-precedence-violation host-prohibited host-redirect host-unknown host-unreachable ip-header-bad neighbour-advertisement neighbour-solicitation network-prohibited network-redirect network-unknown network-unreachable no-route packet-too-big parameter-problem port-unreachable precedence-cutoff protocol-unreachable redirect reject-route required-option-missing router-advertisement router-solicitation source-quench source-route-failed time-exceeded timestamp-reply timestamp-request tos-host-redirect tos-host-unreachable tos-network-redirect tos-network-unreachable ttl-zero-during-reassembly ttl-zero-during-transit unknown-header-type unknown-option
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